Together, the fibular and anterior tibial arteries supply most of the dorsum of the foot, the lateral calcaneal region, and the deep plantar arch. The fibular artery mostly supplies leg structures of the lateral compartment and some of the posterior compartment, and it ends by joining the anterior tibial in the distal anterior leg to contribute to the dorsalis pedis artery.
The fibular (peroneal) artery arises from the lateral aspect of the posterior tibial shortly after the origin of the anterior tibial. The anterior tibial passes between the tibia and fibula to supply the anterior leg. The popliteal artery ultimately gives rise to the three main arteries that supply the leg in a region sometimes called the “trifurcation.” The posterior tibial artery is the continuation of the popliteal artery, beginning at the origin of the anterior tibial artery that branches from the anterior side of the popliteal. Branches of both the femoral and popliteal arteries contribute to the anastomosis around the knee. The continuation of the femoral artery (often referred to clinically as the superficial femoral artery) transitions to the popliteal artery as it passes through the adductor hiatus. A large proximal branch, the deep femoral artery, not only supplies deeper structures of the anterior thigh but is also the main blood supply of the posterior thigh and the anastomosis around the hip joint. The external iliac artery continues as the femoral artery after it passes the inguinal ligament.
The internal iliac artery mostly supplies the pelvic organs, although its branches also contribute to the arterial circulation of the gluteal region and proximal thigh. 8.1) begins with the external and internal iliac arteries. This chapter describes the arterial and venous circulation of the lower limbs. Keywords Common iliac vessels External iliac vessels Inferior epigastric artery Deep iliac circumflex artery Internal iliac artery Obturator artery Superior gluteal artery Inferior gluteal artery Internal pudendal artery Femoral artery Common femoral artery Superficial epigastric artery Deep femoral artery Profunda femoris artery Profunda-circumflex trunk Perforating branches Lateral circumflex artery Medial circumflex artery Descending genicular artery Popliteal artery Superficial sural artery Genicular arteries Superomedial genicular artery Superolateral genicular artery Middle genicular artery Inferomedial genicular artery Inferolateral genicular artery Anterior tibial artery Medial anterior malleolar artery Lateral anterior malleolar artery Posterior tibial artery Circumflex fibular branch Nutrient artery Fibular artery Peroneal artery Muscular branches Lateral calcaneal branches Interosseous branch Medial plantar artery Lateral plantar artery Dorsalis pedis artery Deep plantar branch Plantar metatarsal arteries Plantar digital branches Dorsal digital veins Dorsal metacarpal veins Dorsal venous arch Plantar venous arch Plantar digital veins Accessory saphenous vein
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